In ABA, what does the term "response cost" refer to?

The term "response cost" refers specifically to the process of removing a reinforcer as a consequence for inappropriate behavior, which aligns precisely with the selected answer. This approach is rooted in the principles of operant conditioning, where behaviors can be modified by the consequences that follow them. When a reinforcer is removed, it decreases the likelihood of the undesirable behavior occurring again in the future.

For instance, if a student loses privileges such as free time or points for a misbehavior, the intention is to create a direct relationship between the misbehavior and the loss of a desirable outcome. By associating the inappropriate behavior with a negative consequence (the removal of the reinforcer), this strategy seeks to teach the individual that certain behaviors lead to unfavorable results, thereby reducing their occurrence.

The other options reflect different behavioral strategies that do not accurately capture the essence of "response cost." Rewarding appropriate behavior with extra privileges involves positive reinforcement, while providing instant rewards encourages desired behaviors without a penalty for incorrect ones. Increasing the value of a reinforcer over time pertains to the concept of motivation and does not involve the removal of a preferred item or privilege as a form of consequence. Understanding these distinctions enhances the application of ABA strategies for behavior modification.